The Leaning Temple of Huma is a fascinating and less popular architectural temple located in Sambalpur, in Odisha. It’s a Shiva temple situated on the banks of the Mahanadi River, and what’s unique about it is that the main structure leans, much like the famous Leaning Tower of Pisa.
It is unknown if this structure is leaning by design or for another reason. Although the temple leans, the top of the temple is perpendicular to the ground.
The Leaning Temple of Huma stands on a rocky outcrop along the Mahanadi River. Its tilt is not due to construction flaws or a weak foundation. Experts believe the shift may have been caused by geological factors such as river floods, earthquakes, or uneven rock beneath the structure. Interestingly, while the main temple leans in one direction, the smaller shrines and boundary walls tilt in others. The angle of inclination is 13.8 degrees and, according to locals, has remained unchanged for over 40 years.
A Detailed Overview
Historical Background
- The Leaning Temple of Huma is dedicated to Lord Shiva, one of the principal deities in Hinduism.
- It was built in the 17th century during the reign of Balaram Dev, a king of the Chauhan dynasty of Sambalpur.
- While the main temple structure dates back to the 1600s, some parts of the complex (like the Bhog Mandap) are believed to have been added later in the 18th century.
Unique Leaning Architecture
- The most striking feature is that the main temple structure leans at an angle, but the subsidiary shrines, boundary wall, and other structures are perfectly perpendicular.
- The lean is noticeable and can be measured — although the tilt is less dramatic than Pisa, it’s still visually striking.
Theories About the Lean:
- Geological Reasons:
- The temple is built on a rocky, uneven riverbank, and the foundation may have settled unevenly over time.
- Some speculate subterranean water movement might have caused gradual sinking or shifting.
- Architectural Intention?:
- Some locals believe the tilt was intentional, though no architectural evidence supports this.
- Unlike Pisa, the tilt here does not seem to be increasing, suggesting the temple reached a stable lean long ago.
- Magnetic or Geological Forces:
- There are also pseudoscientific theories involving magnetic pull or geomagnetic anomalies, though these remain unproven.
Religious and Cultural Importance
- The temple is an important Shaivite pilgrimage site in Odisha.
- Mahashivratri, the great night of Lord Shiva, is celebrated in a grand way and with a large annual fair (Jatra).
- Devotees believe the Shivalinga inside the temple is swayambhu, meaning self-manifested and highly powerful.
Sacred Fish of the Mahanadi
- The stretch of the river by the temple is home to large fish (usually catfish), which are considered sacred.
- Devotees feed them puffed rice, flour balls, and other offerings.
- Fishing is strictly prohibited in the area due to their sacred status.
The Mystery Today
Despite studies by local scholars and engineers, the exact reason for the temple’s tilt remains unknown. What adds to the mystery is that the angle of the lean hasn’t changed much over centuries, suggesting a kind of structural equilibrium that defies normal architectural expectations.
How to Visit:
- Best Time to Visit: During Shivaratri (Feb/March) or the cooler months from October to March.
- Nearest City: Sambalpur (connected by rail and road).
